mac python下载安装教程,python在mac上怎么下载

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Mac 安装 Python2、Python3 。

零、基础准备

• 官网
  • https://www.python.org/
• 下载入口
  • https://www.python.org/downloads/
  • https://www.python.org/downloads/macos/

  一、安装包下载及安装

  安装包下载的页面路径是：官网>>> Downloads>>> macOS
  

  其他平台根据请自己的实际情况选择

  安装包下载的页面路径也可以是：官网>>> Downloads(点击)
  

  进入到版本选择页面
  

  最上面是最新的 Release 版本，分别是2.x的最新版本和3.x的最新版python怎么画拱形。

  可以下载最新的 Release 版本进行安装，也可以通过搜索选择自己想要的版本进行安装。

  通过搜索找到「2.7.16」
  

  通过搜索找到「3.9.9」
  

  强烈推荐下载最新的 Release 版进行安装
  

  点击对应的链接分别下载即可(下载的过程中注意操作系统的架构和位数)。
  

  👆下载「2.7.18」

  

  👆下载「3.10.6」

  

  👆下载好的安装包

  使用下载好的安装包一直「下一步」即可安装对应版本的 python。

  
  

  二、安装确认

  1、Python2

  • 查看版本号

    $ python -V
    Python 2.7.18
    

    • 帮助命令

      $ python -h
      usage: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python [option] ... [-c cmd | -m mod | file | -] [arg] ...
      Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):
      -b     : issue warnings about comparing bytearray with unicode
               (-bb: issue errors)
      -B     : don't write .py[co] files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x
      -c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)
      -d     : debug output from parser; also PYTHONDEBUG=x
      -E     : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)
      -h     : print this help message and exit (also --help)
      -i     : inspect interactively after running ; forces a prompt even
               if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x
      -m mod : run library module as a  (terminates option list)
      -O     : optimize generated bytecode slightly; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x
      -OO    : remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations
      -R     : use a pseudo-random salt to make hash() values of various types be
               unpredictable between separate invocations of the interpreter, as
               a defense against denial-of-service attacks
      -Q arg : division options: -Qold (default), -Qwarn, -Qwarnall, -Qnew
      -s     : don't add user site directory to sys.path; also PYTHONNOUSERSITE
      -S     : don't imply 'import site' on initialization
      -t     : issue warnings about inconsistent tab usage (-tt: issue errors)
      -u     : unbuffered binary stdout and stderr; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x
               see man page for details on internal buffering relating to '-u'
      -v     : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x
               can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity
      -V     : print the Python version number and exit (also --version)
      -W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno
               also PYTHONWARNINGS=arg
      -x     : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd
      -3     : warn about Python 3.x incompatibilities that 2to3 cannot trivially fix
      file   : program read from  file
      -      : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)
      arg ...: arguments passed to program in sys.argv[1:]
      Other environment variables:
      PYTHONSTARTUP: file executed on interactive startup (no default)
      PYTHONPATH   : ':'-separated list of directories prefixed to the
                     default module search path.  The result is sys.path.
      PYTHONHOME   : alternate 
       directory (or 
      :).
                     The default module search path uses 
      /pythonX.X.
      PYTHONCASEOK : ignore case in 'import' statements (Windows).
      PYTHONIOENCODING: Encoding[:errors] used for stdin/stdout/stderr.
      PYTHONHASHSEED: if this variable is set to 'random', the effect is the same
         as specifying the -R option: a random value is used to seed the hashes of
         str, bytes and datetime objects.  It can also be set to an integer
         in the range [0,4294967295] to get hash values with a predictable seed.
       
       
      2、Python3
       
       

      • 查看版本号

        $ python3 -V
        Python 3.10.6
        

        • 帮助命令

          $ python3 -h
          usage: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3 [option] ... [-c cmd | -m mod | file | -] [arg] ...
          Options and arguments (and corresponding environment variables):
          -b     : issue warnings about str(bytes_instance), str(bytearray_instance)
                   and comparing bytes/bytearray with str. (-bb: issue errors)
          -B     : don't write .pyc files on import; also PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=x
          -c cmd : program passed in as string (terminates option list)
          -d     : turn on parser debugging output (for experts only, only works on
                   debug builds); also PYTHONDEBUG=x
          -E     : ignore PYTHON* environment variables (such as PYTHONPATH)
          -h     : print this help message and exit (also -? or --help)
          -i     : inspect interactively after running ; forces a prompt even
                   if stdin does not appear to be a terminal; also PYTHONINSPECT=x
          -I     : isolate Python from the user's environment (implies -E and -s)
          -m mod : run library module as a  (terminates option list)
          -O     : remove assert and __debug__-dependent statements; add .opt-1 before
                   .pyc extension; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x
          -OO    : do -O changes and also discard docstrings; add .opt-2 before
                   .pyc extension
          -q     : don't print version and copyright messages on interactive startup
          -s     : don't add user site directory to sys.path; also PYTHONNOUSERSITE
          -S     : don't imply 'import site' on initialization
          -u     : force the stdout and stderr streams to be unbuffered;
                   this option has no effect on stdin; also PYTHONUNBUFFERED=x
          -v     : verbose (trace import statements); also PYTHONVERBOSE=x
                   can be supplied multiple times to increase verbosity
          -V     : print the Python version number and exit (also --version)
                   when given twice, print more information about the build
          -W arg : warning control; arg is action:message:category:module:lineno
                   also PYTHONWARNINGS=arg
          -x     : skip first line of source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of #!cmd
          -X opt : set implementation-specific option. The following options are available:
                   -X faulthandler: enable faulthandler
                   -X showrefcount: output the total reference count and number of used
                       memory blocks when the program finishes or after each statement in the
                       interactive interpreter. This only works on debug builds
                   -X tracemalloc: start tracing Python memory allocations using the
                       tracemalloc module. By default, only the most recent frame is stored in a
                       traceback of a trace. Use -X tracemalloc=NFRAME to start tracing with a
                       traceback limit of NFRAME frames
                   -X importtime: show how long each import takes. It shows module name,
                       cumulative time (including nested imports) and self time (excluding
                       nested imports). Note that its output may be broken in multi-threaded
                       application. Typical usage is python3 -X importtime -c 'import asyncio'
                   -X dev: enable CPython's "development mode", introducing additional runtime
                       checks which are too expensive to be enabled by default. Effect of the
                       developer mode:
                          * Add default warning filter, as -W default
                          * Install debug hooks on memory allocators: see the PyMem_SetupDebugHooks()
                            C function
                          * Enable the faulthandler module to dump the Python traceback on a crash
                          * Enable asyncio debug mode
                          * Set the dev_mode attribute of sys.flags to True
                          * io.IOBase destructor logs close() exceptions
                   -X utf8: enable UTF-8 mode for operating system interfaces, overriding the default
                       locale-aware mode. -X utf8=0 explicitly disables UTF-8 mode (even when it would
                       otherwise activate automatically)
                   -X pycache_prefix=PATH: enable writing .pyc files to a parallel tree rooted at the
                       given directory instead of to the code tree
                   -X warn_default_encoding: enable opt-in EncodingWarning for 'encoding=None'
          --check-hash-based-pycs always|default|never:
              control how Python invalidates hash-based .pyc files
          file   : program read from  file
          -      : program read from stdin (default; interactive mode if a tty)
          arg ...: arguments passed to program in sys.argv[1:]
          Other environment variables:
          PYTHONSTARTUP: file executed on interactive startup (no default)
          PYTHONPATH   : ':'-separated list of directories prefixed to the
                         default module search path.  The result is sys.path.
          PYTHONHOME   : alternate 
           directory (or 
          :).
                         The default module search path uses 
          /lib/pythonX.X.
          PYTHONPLATLIBDIR : override sys.platlibdir.
          PYTHONCASEOK : ignore case in 'import' statements (Windows).
          PYTHONUTF8: if set to 1, enable the UTF-8 mode.
          PYTHONIOENCODING: Encoding[:errors] used for stdin/stdout/stderr.
          PYTHONFAULTHANDLER: dump the Python traceback on fatal errors.
          PYTHONHASHSEED: if this variable is set to 'random', a random value is used
             to seed the hashes of str and bytes objects.  It can also be set to an
             integer in the range [0,4294967295] to get hash values with a
             predictable seed.
          PYTHONMALLOC: set the Python memory allocators and/or install debug hooks
             on Python memory allocators. Use PYTHONMALLOC=debug to install debug
             hooks.
          PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE: if this variable is set to 0, it disables the locale
             coercion behavior. Use PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=warn to request display of
             locale coercion and locale compatibility warnings on stderr.
          PYTHONBREAKPOINT: if this variable is set to 0, it disables the default
             debugger. It can be set to the callable of your debugger of choice.
          PYTHONDEVMODE: enable the development mode.
          PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX: root directory for bytecode cache (pyc) files.
          PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING: enable opt-in EncodingWarning for 'encoding=None'.
           
           
          三、其他
           
           
          除了使用python、python3命令来调用对应版本的 python 外，还可以使用如下的命令来调用对应版本的 python。
           
           
          $ python2 -V
          Python 2.7.18
          $ python2.7 -V
          Python 2.7.18
          $ python3.10 -V
          Python 3.10.6
           
           
          这些都可以可以在 /usr/local/bin 这个目录下看到相关命令对应的「软连接」。
           
           
          $ pwd
          /usr/local/bin
          $ ls -l | grep python
          python -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python
          python-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python-config
          python2 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2
          python2-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2-config
          python2.7 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
          python2.7-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7-config
          python3 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3
          python3-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3-config
          python3-intel64 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3-intel64
          python3.10 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10
          python3.10-config -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10-config
          python3.10-intel64 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/bin/python3.10-intel64
          pythonw -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw
          pythonw2 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2
          pythonw2.7 -> ../../../Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/pythonw2.7
           
           
          PS：python2和python3的兼容性一直被广大开发者诟病。