Matlab GUI设计基础范例（可以一步一步跟着做）

2024-06-04 7371阅读

我们要做一个GUI界面，可以选择peaks、membrane和sinc三种三维图数据，选择画出surf、mesh和contour三种图像。

打开GUI

每个版本打开方式可能都不一样，但有一个是相同的，就是在命令行输入guide回车。

绘制控件

大概就绘制成这样，在左边的工具栏拖动出来就行。选中多个控件，点击上面的串串，还可以进行对齐和等间距分布。

设置控件属性

对着控件双击即可，普通按钮的string属性设置为Surf/Mesh/Contour，Tag属性设置为surf_pushbutton/mesh_pushbutton/contour_pushbutton。有兴趣可以改点大小颜色什么的。

下拉菜单的String会特殊一点，得写几行。

M文件编写

我一开始以为要自己另外新建一个M文件，然后发现其实只需要把刚才的界面保存一下就好了，界面会保存为一个.fig文件，然后自动生成一个.m文件，里面有每个控件对应的处理函数。名字很容易找，surf_pushbutton_Callback就是surf的普通按钮的回调函数，在下面写上自己想写的内容就行。

untitled_OpeningFcn是整个GUI打开时候执行的函数

% --- Executes just before untitled is made visible.
function untitled_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to untitled (see VARARGIN)
handles.peaks=peaks(35);
handles.membrane=membrane;
[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)+eps;
sinc=sin(r)./r;
handles.sinc=sinc;%创建结构体，保存3组数据
handles.current_data=handles.peaks;%默认绘制peaks图像
surf(handles.current_data);%绘制图形
% Choose default command line output for untitled
handles.output = hObject;%本来有的，选择默认命令行输出
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);%本来有的，更新句柄handles结构和数据到hObject

在surf_pushbutton_Callback里面增加绘制图像命令，另外两个普通按钮也一样。

% --- Executes on button press in surf_pushbutton.
function surf_pushbutton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to surf_pushbutton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
surf(handles.current_data);%使用当前数据绘制surf图像

popupmenu1_Callback是下拉菜单的回调函数

% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1.
function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
val=get(hObject,'Value');
str=get(hObject,'String');
switch str{val}%判断选择了哪一组数据，将当前内容更新为对应的数据
case 'peaks'
    handles.current_data = handles.peaks;
case 'membrane'
    handles.current_data = handles.membrane;  
case 'sinc'
    handles.current_data = handles.sinc;  
end
guidata(hObject,handles)%更新句柄handles结构和内容到hObject
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu1

做到这里，项目有了个大致的模样。

窗口菜单

接下来就是锦上添花了

使用菜单编辑器新建菜单

添加代码

% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Close_menu_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Close_menu (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function CloseF_botton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to CloseF_botton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
close(gcf);
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Surf_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Surf_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
surf(handles.current_data);
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Mesh_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Mesh_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
mesh(handles.current_data);
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Contour_botton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Contour_botton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
contour(handles.current_data);

实验效果

上下文菜单

这个名字不太好理解，就是对着对象右击就可以出来的菜单。

这里有个小技巧，当m文件太大的时候，点击查看就可以跳转到m文件对应的回调函数。

选择我们的上下文菜单

编写程序

% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function box_menu_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to box_menu (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if strcmp(get(gcbo,'checked'),'on')
    set(gcbo,'checked','off');
else
    set(gcbo,'checked','on');   
end
box;
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function grid_menu_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to grid_menu (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if strcmp(get(gcbo,'checked'),'on')
    set(gcbo,'checked','off');
else
    set(gcbo,'checked','on');   
end
grid;

实验效果